.TH xfs_io 8
.SH NAME
xfs_io \- debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B xfs_io
[
.B \-adfimrRstxT
] [
.B \-c
.I cmd
] ... [
.B \-C
.I cmd
] ... [
.B \-p
.I prog
]
.I [ file ]
.br
.B xfs_io \-V
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B xfs_io
is a debugging tool like
.BR xfs_db (8),
but is aimed at examining the regular file I/O paths rather than the
raw XFS volume itself.
These code paths include not only the obvious read/write/mmap interfaces
for manipulating files, but also cover all of the XFS extensions (such
as space preallocation, additional inode flags, etc).
.SH OPTIONS
.B xfs_io
commands may be run interactively (the default) or as arguments on the
command line.
Interactive mode always runs commands on the current open file, whilst commands
run from the command line may be repeated on all open files rather than just the current
open file.
In general, open file iteration will occur for commands that operate on file
content or state. In contrast, commands that operate on filesystem or
system-wide state will only be run on the current file regardless of how many
files are currently open.
Multiple arguments may be given on the command line and they are run in the
sequence given. The program exits one all commands have
been run.
.TP 1.0i
.BI \-c " cmd"
Run the specified command on all currently open files.
To maintain compatibility with historical usage, commands that can not be run on
all open files will still be run but only execute once on the current open file.
Multiple
.B \-c
arguments may be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order
with
.B \-C
commands.
.TP
.BI \-C " cmd"
Run the specified command only on the current open file. 
Multiple
.B \-C
arguments may be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order
with
.B \-c
commands.
.TP
.BI \-p " prog"
Set the program name for prompts and some error messages,
the default value is
.BR xfs_io .
.TP
.B \-f
Create
.I file
if it does not already exist.
.TP
.B \-r
Open
.I file
read-only, initially. This is required if
.I file
is immutable or append-only.
.TP
.B \-i
Start an idle thread. The purpose of this idle thread is to test io
from a multi threaded process. With single threaded process,
the file table is not shared and file structs are not reference counted.
Spawning an idle thread can help detecting file struct reference leaks.
.TP
.B \-x
Expert mode. Dangerous commands are only available in this mode.
These commands also tend to require additional privileges.
.TP
.B \-V
Prints the version number and exits.
.PP
The other
.BR open (2)
options described below are also available from the command line.
.SH CONCEPTS
.B xfs_io
maintains a number of open files and memory mappings.
Files can be initially opened on the command line (optionally),
and additional files can also be opened later.
.PP
.B xfs_io
commands can be broken up into three groups.
Some commands are aimed at doing regular file I/O - read, write,
sync, space preallocation, etc.
.PP
The second set of commands exist for manipulating memory mapped regions
of a file - mapping, accessing, storing, unmapping, flushing, etc.
.PP
The remaining commands are for the navigation and display of data
structures relating to the open files, mappings, and the filesystems
where they reside.
.PP
Many commands have extensive online help. Use the
.B help
command for more details on any command.
.SH FILE I/O COMMANDS
.TP
.BI "file [ " N " ]"
Display a list of all open files and (optionally) switch to an alternate
current open file.
.TP
.BI "open [[ \-acdfrstRTPL ] " path " ]"
Closes the current file, and opens the file specified by
.I path
instead. Without any arguments, displays statistics about the current
file \- see the
.B stat
command.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-a
opens append-only (O_APPEND).
.TP
.B \-d
opens for direct I/O (O_DIRECT).
.TP
.B \-f
creates the file if it doesn't already exist (O_CREAT).
.TP
.B \-r
opens read-only (O_RDONLY).
.TP
.B \-s
opens for synchronous I/O (O_SYNC).
.TP
.B \-t
truncates on open (O_TRUNC).
.TP
.B \-n
opens in non-blocking mode if possible (O_NONBLOCK).
.TP
.B \-T
create a temporary file not linked into the filesystem namespace
(O_TMPFILE).  The pathname passed must refer to a directory which
is treated as virtual parent for the newly created invisible file.
Can not be used together with the
.B \-r
option.
.TP
.B \-R
marks the file as a realtime XFS file after
opening it, if it is not already marked as such.
.TP
.B \-P
opens the path as a referent only (O_PATH).  This is incompatible with other
flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from
.BR \-L .
.TP
.B \-L
doesn't follow symlinks (O_NOFOLLOW).  This is incompatible with other
flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from
.BR \-P .
.PD
.RE
.TP
.B o
See the
.B open
command.
.TP
.B close
Closes the current open file, marking the next open file as current
(if one exists).
.TP
.B c
See the
.B close
command.
.TP
.B chmod \-r | \-w
Change the mode of the currently open file. The
.B \-r
option will set the file permissions to read-only (0444), whilst the
.B \-w
option will set the file permissions to read-write (0644). This allows xfs_io to
set up mismatches between the file permissions and the open file descriptor
read/write mode to exercise permission checks inside various syscalls.
.TP
.BI "pread [ \-b " bsize " ] [ \-qv ] [ \-FBR [ \-Z " seed " ] ] [ \-V " vectors " ] " "offset length"
Reads a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given
.IR offset .
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-b
can be used to set the blocksize into which the
.BR read (2)
requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes.
.TP
.B \-q
quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.
.TP
.B \-v
dump the contents of the buffer after reading,
by default only the count of bytes actually read is dumped.
.TP
.B \-F
read the buffers in a forward sequential direction.
.TP
.B \-B
read the buffers in a reverse sequential direction.
.TP
.B \-R
read the buffers in the give range in a random order.
.TP
.B \-Z seed
specify the random number seed used for random reads.
.TP
.B \-V vectors
Use the vectored IO read syscall
.BR preadv (2)
with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the
.I vectors
parameter.
.PD
.RE
.TP
.B r
See the
.B pread
command.
.TP
.BI "pwrite [ \-i " file " ] [ \-qAdDwNOW ] [ \-s " skip " ] [ \-b " size " ] [ \-S " seed " ] [ \-FBR [ \-Z " zeed " ] ] [ \-V " vectors " ] " "offset length"
Writes a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given
.IR offset .
The bytes written can be either a set pattern or read in from another
file before writing.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-i
allows an input
.I file
to be specified as the source of the data to be written.
.TP
.B \-q
quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.
.TP
.B \-d
causes direct I/O, rather than the usual buffered
I/O, to be used when reading the input file.
.TP
.B \-w
call
.BR fdatasync (2)
once all writes are complete (included in timing results)
.TP
.B \-N
Perform the
.BR pwritev2 (2)
call with
.IR RWF_NOWAIT .
.TP
.B \-D
Perform the
.BR pwritev2 (2)
call with
.IR RWF_DSYNC .
.TP
.B \-A
Perform the
.BR pwritev2 (2)
call with
.IR RWF_ATOMIC .
.TP
.B \-O
perform pwrite once and return the (maybe partial) bytes written.
.TP
.B \-W
call
.BR fsync (2)
once all writes are complete (included in timing results)
.TP
.B \-s
specifies the number of bytes to
.I skip
from the start of the input file before starting to read.
.TP
.B \-b
used to set the blocksize into which the
.BR write (2)
requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes.
.TP
.B \-S
used to set the (repeated) fill pattern which
is used when the data to write is not coming from a file.
The default buffer fill pattern value is 0xcdcdcdcd.
.TP
.B \-F
write the buffers in a forward sequential direction.
.TP
.B \-B
write the buffers in a reverse sequential direction.
.TP
.B \-R
write the buffers in the give range in a random order.
.TP
.B \-Z seed
specify the random number seed used for random write
.TP
.B \-V vectors
Use the vectored IO write syscall
.BR pwritev (2)
with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the
.I vectors
parameter.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B w
See the
.B pwrite
command.
.TP
.BI "bmap [ \-adelpv ] [ \-n " nx " ]"
Prints the block mapping for the current open file. Refer to the
.BR xfs_bmap (8)
manual page for complete documentation.
.TP
.BI "fiemap [ \-alv ] [ \-n " nx " ] [ " offset " [ " len " ]]"
Prints the block mapping for the current open file using the fiemap
ioctl.  Options behave as described in the
.BR xfs_bmap (8)
manual page.
.PP
.RS
Optionally, this command also supports passing the start offset
from where to begin the mapping and the length of that region.
The kernel will return any full extents which intersect with the requested
range, and the
.B fiemap
command will print them in their entirety.  If the requested range starts
or ends in a hole,
.B fiemap
will print the hole, truncated to the requested range.
.RE
.TP
.BI "extsize [ \-R | \-D ] [ " value " ]"
Display and/or modify the preferred extent size used when allocating
space for the currently open file. If the
.B \-R
option is specified, a recursive descent is performed
for all directory entries below the currently open file
.RB ( \-D
can be used to restrict the output to directories only).
If the target file is a directory, then the inherited extent size
is set for that directory (new files created in that directory
inherit that extent size).
The
.I value
should be specified in bytes, or using one of the usual units suffixes
(k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always reported in units of bytes.
.TP
.BI "cowextsize [ \-R | \-D ] [ " value " ]"
Display and/or modify the preferred copy-on-write extent size used
when allocating space for the currently open file. If the
.B \-R
option is specified, a recursive descent is performed
for all directory entries below the currently open file
.RB ( \-D
can be used to restrict the output to directories only).
If the target file is a directory, then the inherited CoW extent size
is set for that directory (new files created in that directory
inherit that CoW extent size).
The
.I value
should be specified in bytes, or using one of the usual units suffixes
(k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always reported in units of bytes.
.TP
.BI "allocsp " size " 0"
Sets the size of the file to
.I size
and zeroes any additional space allocated using the
XFS_IOC_ALLOCSP/XFS_IOC_FREESP system call described in the
.BR xfsctl (3)
manual page.
.B allocsp
and
.B freesp
do exactly the same thing.

These commands are no longer supported as of Linux 5.17.
.TP
.BI "freesp " size " 0"
See the
.B allocsp
command.
.TP
.BI "fadvise [ \-r | \-s | [[ \-d | \-n | \-w ] " "offset length " ]]
On platforms which support it, allows hints be given to the system
regarding the expected I/O patterns on the file.
The range arguments are required by some advise commands ([*] below), and
the others must have no range arguments.
With no arguments, the POSIX_FADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead).
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-d
the data will not be accessed again in the near future (POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED[*]).
.TP
.B \-n
data will be accessed once and not be reused (POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE[*]).
.TP
.B \-r
expect access to data in random order (POSIX_FADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero.
.TP
.B \-s
expect access to data in sequential order (POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL),
which doubles the default readahead on the file.
.TP
.B \-w
advises the specified data will be needed again (POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED[*])
which forces the maximum readahead.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B fdatasync
Calls
.BR fdatasync (2)
to flush the file's in-core data to disk.
.TP
.B fsync
Calls
.BR fsync (2)
to flush all in-core file state to disk.
.TP
.B s
See the
.B fsync
command.
.TP
.BI "sync_range [ \-a | \-b | \-w ] offset length "
On platforms which support it, allows control of syncing a range of the file to
disk. With no options, SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE is implied on the range supplied.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-a
wait for IO in the given range to finish after writing
(SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER).
.TP
.B \-b
wait for IO in the given range to finish before writing
(SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE).
.TP
.B \-w
start writeback of dirty data in the given range (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE).
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B sync
Calls
.BR sync (2)
to flush all filesystems' in-core data to disk.
.TP
.B syncfs
Calls
.BR syncfs (2)
to flush this filesystem's in-core data to disk.
.TP
.BI resvsp " offset length"
Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the
XFS_IOC_RESVSP system call described in the
.BR xfsctl (3)
manual page.
.TP
.BI unresvsp " offset length"
Frees reserved space for part of a file using the XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP
system call described in the
.BR xfsctl (3)
manual page.
.TP
.BI "falloc [ \-k ]" " offset length"
Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the
fallocate routine as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-k
will set the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as described in
.BR fallocate (2).
.PD
.RE
.TP
.BI fcollapse " offset length"
Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE flag as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page to de-allocates blocks and eliminates the hole created in this process
by shifting data blocks into the hole.
.TP
.BI finsert " offset length"
Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE flag as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page to create the hole by shifting data blocks.
.TP
.BI fpunch " offset length"
Punches (de-allocates) blocks in the file by calling fallocate with 
the FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE flag as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page.
.TP
.BI funshare " offset length"
Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE_RANGE flag as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page to unshare all shared blocks within the range.
.TP
.BI "fzero [ \-k ]" " offset length"
Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE flag as described in the
.BR fallocate (2)
manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range.
With the
.B -k
option, use the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as well.
.TP
.BI zero " offset length"
Call xfsctl with
.B XFS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE
as described in the
.BR xfsctl (3)
manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range.
.TP
.BI truncate " offset"
Truncates the current file at the given offset using
.BR ftruncate (2).
.TP
.BI "sendfile [ \-q ] \-i " srcfile " | \-f " N " [ " "offset length " ]
On platforms which support it, allows a direct in-kernel copy between
two file descriptors. The current open file is the target, the source
must be specified as another open file
.RB ( \-f )
or by path
.RB ( \-i ).
.RS 1.0i
.B \-q
quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.
.RE
.TP
.BI "readdir [ -v ] [ -o " offset " ] [ -l " length " ] "
Read a range of directory entries from a given offset of a directory.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-v
verbose mode - dump dirent content as defined in
.BR readdir (3)
.TP
.B \-o
specify starting
.I offset
.TP
.B \-l
specify total
.I length
to read (in bytes)
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "seek  \-a | \-d | \-h [ \-r ] [ \-s ] offset"
On platforms that support the
.BR lseek (2)
.B SEEK_DATA
and
.B SEEK_HOLE
options, display the offsets of the specified segments.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-a
Display both
.B data
and
.B hole
segments starting at the specified
.B offset.
.TP
.B \-d
Display the
.B data
segment starting at the specified
.B offset.
.TP
.B \-h
Display the
.B hole
segment starting at the specified
.B offset.
.TP
.B \-r
Recursively display all the specified segments starting at the specified
.B offset.
.TP
.B \-s
Display the starting lseek(2) offset. This offset will be a calculated value when
both data and holes are displayed together or performing a recusively display.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "reflink  [ \-C ] [ \-q ] src_file [src_offset dst_offset length]"
On filesystems that support the
.B FICLONERANGE
or
.B BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE
ioctls, map
.I length
bytes at offset
.I dst_offset
in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset
.I src_offset
in the file
.I src_file
, replacing any contents that may already have been there.  If a program
writes into a reflinked block range of either file, the dirty blocks will be
cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy on write") in the affected file,
leaving the other file(s) unchanged.  If src_offset, dst_offset, and length
are omitted, all contents of src_file will be reflinked into the open file.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-C
Print timing statistics in a condensed format.
.TP
.B \-q
Do not print timing statistics at all.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "dedupe  [ \-C ] [ \-q ] src_file src_offset dst_offset length"
On filesystems that support the
.B FIDEDUPERANGE
or
.B BTRFS_IOC_FILE_EXTENT_SAME
ioctls, map
.I length
bytes at offset
.I dst_offset
in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset
.I src_offset
in the file
.I src_file
, but only if the contents of both ranges are identical.  This is known as
block-based deduplication.  If a program writes into a reflinked block range of
either file, the dirty blocks will be cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy
on write") in the affected file, leaving the other file(s) unchanged.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-C
Print timing statistics in a condensed format.
.TP
.B \-q
Do not print timing statistics at all.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "copy_range [ -s " src_offset " ] [ -d " dst_offset " ] [ -l " length " ] src_file | \-f " N
On filesystems that support the
.BR copy_file_range (2)
system call, copies data from the source file into the current open file.
The source must be specified either by path
.RB ( src_file )
or as another open file
.RB ( \-f ).
If
.I length
is not specified, this command copies data from
.I src_offset
to the end of
.BI src_file
into the dst_file at
.IR dst_offset .
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-s
Copy data from
.I src_file
beginning from
.IR src_offset .
.TP
.B \-d
Copy data into the open file beginning at
.IR dst_offset .
.TP
.B \-l
Copy up to
.I length
bytes of data.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI swapext " donor_file "
Swaps extent forks between files. The current open file is the target. The donor
file is specified by path. Note that file data is not copied (file content moves
with the fork(s)).
.TP
.BI "exchangerange [OPTIONS]" donor_file "
Exchanges contents between files.
The current open file is the target.
The donor file is specified by path.
Note that file data is not copied (file content moves with the fork(s)).
Options include:
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.TP
.B \-C
Print timing information in a condensed format.
.TP
.B \-c
Exchange contents only if file2 has not changed.
.TP
.BI \-d " dest_offset"
Swap extents with open file beginning at
.IR dest_offset .
.TP
.B \-f
Flush changed file data and file metadata to disk.
.TP
.BI \-l " length"
Swap up to
.I length
bytes of data.
.TP
.B \-n
Perform all the parameter validation checks but don't change anything.
.TP
.BI \-s " src_offset"
Swap extents with donor file beginning at
.IR src_offset .
.TP
.B \-t
Print timing information.
.TP
.B \-w
Only exchange written ranges in the supplied file.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "set_encpolicy [ \-c " mode " ] [ \-n " mode " ] [ \-f " flags " ] [ \-s " log2_dusize " ] [ \-v " version " ] [ " keyspec " ]"
On filesystems that support encryption, assign an encryption policy to the
current file.
.I keyspec
is a hex string which specifies the encryption key to use.  For v1 encryption
policies,
.I keyspec
must be a 16-character hex string (8 bytes).  For v2 policies,
.I keyspec
must be a 32-character hex string (16 bytes).  If unspecified, an all-zeroes
value is used.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.BI \-c " mode"
contents encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-XTS)
.TP
.BI \-n " mode"
filenames encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-CTS)
.TP
.BI \-f " flags"
policy flags (numeric)
.TP
.BI \-s " log2_dusize"
log2 of data unit size.  Not supported by v1 policies.
.TP
.BI \-v " version"
policy version.  Defaults to 1 or 2 depending on the length of
.IR keyspec ;
or to 1 if
.I keyspec
is unspecified.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "get_encpolicy [ \-1 ] [ \-t ]"
On filesystems that support encryption, display the encryption policy of the
current file.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.BI \-1
Use only the old ioctl to get the encryption policy.  This only works if the
file has a v1 encryption policy.
.TP
.BI \-t
Test whether v2 encryption policies are supported.  Prints "supported",
"unsupported", or an error message.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "add_enckey [ \-d " descriptor " ] [ \-k " key_id " ]"
On filesystems that support encryption, add an encryption key to the filesystem
containing the currently open file.  By default, the raw key in binary
(typically 64 bytes long) is read from standard input.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.BI \-d " descriptor"
key descriptor, as a 16-character hex string (8 bytes).  If given, the key will
be available for use by v1 encryption policies that use this descriptor.
Otherwise, the key is added as a v2 policy key, and on success the resulting
"key identifier" will be printed.
.TP
.BI \-k " key_id"
ID of kernel keyring key of type "fscrypt-provisioning".  If given, the raw key
will be taken from here rather than from standard input.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "rm_enckey [ -a ] " keyspec
On filesystems that support encryption, remove an encryption key from the
filesystem containing the currently open file.
.I keyspec
is a hex string specifying the key to remove, as a 16-character "key descriptor"
or a 32-character "key identifier".
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.BI \-a
Remove the key for all users who have added it, not just the current user.  This
is a privileged operation.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "enckey_status " keyspec
On filesystems that support encryption, display the status of an encryption key.
.I keyspec
is a hex string specifying the key for which to display the status, as a
16-character "key descriptor" or a 32-character "key identifier".
.TP
.BR lsattr " [ " \-R " | " \-D " | " \-a " | " \-v " ]"
List extended inode flags on the currently open file. If the
.B \-R
option is specified, a recursive descent is performed
for all directory entries below the currently open file
.RB ( \-D
can be used to restrict the output to directories only).
This is a depth first descent, it does not follow symlinks and
it also does not cross mount points.

The current inode flag letters are documented below.
Please refer to the
.BR ioctl_xfs_fsgetxattr "(2)"
documentation for more details about what they mean.

.PD 0
.RS
.TP 0.5i
.B r
realtime file (XFS_XFLAG_REALTIME)

.TP
.B p
prealloc (XFS_XFLAG_PREALLOC)

.TP
.B i
immutable (XFS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE)

.TP
.B a
append only (XFS_XFLAG_APPEND)

.TP
.B s
synchronous file writes (XFS_XFLAG_SYNC)

.TP
.B A
noatime (XFS_XFLAG_NOATIME)

.TP
.B d
nodump (XFS_XFLAG_NODUMP)

.TP
.B t
inherit realtime flag (XFS_XFLAG_RTINHERIT)"

.TP
.B P
inherit project id (XFS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)

.TP
.B n
no symlink creation (XFS_XFLAG_NOSYMLINKS)

.TP
.B e
extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSIZE)

.TP
.B E
inherit extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSZINHERIT)

.TP
.B f
nodefrag (XFS_XFLAG_NODEFRAG)

.TP
.B S
filestream allocator (XFS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM)

.TP
.B x
direct access persistent memory (XFS_XFLAG_DAX)

.TP
.B C
copy on write extent hint (XFS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE)

.TP
.B X
has extended attributes (XFS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
.RE

.TP
.BR chattr " [ " \-R " | " \-D " ] [ " + / \-riasAdtPneEfSxC " ]"
Change extended inode flags on the currently open file. The
.B \-R
and
.B \-D
options have the same meaning as above.

See the
.B lsattr
command above for the list of inode flag letters.

.TP
.BI "flink " path
Link the currently open file descriptor into the filesystem namespace.
.TP
.BR stat " [ " \-v "|" \-r " ]"
Selected statistics from
.BR stat (2)
and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file. If the
.B \-v
option is specified, the atime (last access), mtime
(last modify), and ctime (last change) timestamps are also displayed.  The
.B \-r
option dumps raw fields from the stat structure.
.TP
.BI "statx [ \-v|\-r ][ \-m " basic " | \-m " all " | -m " <mask> " ][ \-FD ]"
Selected statistics from
.BR stat (2)
and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-v
Show timestamps.
.TP
.B \-r
Dump raw statx structure values.
.TP
.B \-m basic
Set the field mask for the statx call to STATX_BASIC_STATS.
.TP
.B \-m all
Set the the field mask for the statx call to STATX_ALL (default).
.TP
.B \-m <mask>
Specify a numeric field mask for the statx call.
.TP
.B \-F
Force the attributes to be synced with the server.
.TP
.B \-D
Don't sync attributes with the server.
.PD
.RE
.TP
.BR chproj " [ " \-R | \-D " ]"
Modifies the project identifier associated with the current path. The 
.B \-R
option will recursively descend if the current path is a directory. The 
.B \-D
option will also recursively descend, only setting modifying projects 
on subdirectories.  See the
.BR xfs_quota (8)
manual page for more information about project identifiers.
.TP
.BR lsproj " [ " \-R | \-D " ]"
Displays the project identifier associated with the current path. The 
.B \-R
and
.B \-D
options behave as described above, in
.B chproj.
.TP
.BR parent " [ " \-fpz " ] [ " \-b " bufsize ] [ " \-i " ino ] [ " \-n " name ] [" " ino gen " "]"
By default this command prints out the parent inode numbers,
inode generation numbers and basenames of all the hardlinks which
point to the inode of the current file.

If the optional
.B ino
and
.B gen
parameters are provided, they will be used to create a file handle on the same
filesystem as the open file.
The parents of the file represented by the handle will be reported instead of
the open file.

.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-b
Use a buffer of this size to receive parent pointer records from the kernel.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-i
Only show parent pointer records containing this inode number.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-n
Only show parent pointer records containing this directory entry name.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-p
the output is similar to the default output except pathnames up to
the mount-point are printed out instead of the component name.
.TP
.B \-s
Print records in short format: ino/gen/namelen/name
.TP
.B \-z
Print only the first path from the root.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI utimes " atime_sec atime_nsec mtime_sec mtime_nsec"
The utimes command changes the atime and mtime of the current file.
sec uses UNIX timestamp notation and is the seconds elapsed since
1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
nsec is the nanoseconds since the sec. This value needs to be in
the range 0-999999999 with UTIME_NOW and UTIME_OMIT being exceptions.
Each (sec, nsec) pair constitutes a single timestamp value.
.TP
.BI "startupdate [ " -e ]
Create a temporary clone of a file in which to stage file updates.
The
.B \-e
option creates an empty staging file.
.TP
.B cancelupdate
Abandon changes from a update staging file.
.TP
.BI "commitupdate [" OPTIONS ]
Commit changes from a update staging file to the real file.
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-C
Print timing information in a condensed format.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-h
Only swap ranges in the update staging file that were actually written.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-k
Do not change file size.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-n
Check parameters without changing anything.
.TP 0.4i
.B \-q
Do not print timing information at all.
.PD
.RE

.SH MEMORY MAPPED I/O COMMANDS
.TP
.BI "mmap [ " N " | [[ \-rwxS ] [\-s " size " ] " "offset length " ]]
With no arguments,
.B mmap
shows the current mappings. Specifying a single numeric argument
.I N
sets the current mapping. If two arguments are specified (a range specified by
.I offset
and
.IR length ),
a new mapping is created spanning the range, and the protection mode can
be given as a combination of PROT_READ
.RB ( \-r ),
PROT_WRITE
.RB ( \-w ),
and PROT_EXEC
.RB ( \-x ).
The mapping will be created with the MAP_SHARED flag by default, or with the
Linux specific (MAP_SYNC | MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE) flags if
.B -S
is given.
.BI \-s " size"
is used to do a mmap(size) && munmap(size) operation at first, try to reserve some
extendible free memory space, if
.I size
is bigger than
.I length
parameter. But there's not guarantee that the memory after
.I length
( up to
.I size
) will stay free.
.B e.g.
"mmap -rw -s 8192 1024" will mmap 0 ~ 1024 bytes memory, but try to reserve 1024 ~ 8192
free space(no guarantee). This free space will helpful for "mremap 8192" without
MREMAP_MAYMOVE flag.
.TP
.B mm
See the
.B mmap
command.
.TP
.BI "mremap [ \-f <new_address> ] [ \-m ] " new_length
Changes the current mapping size to
.IR new_length .
Whether the mapping may be moved is controlled by the flags passed;
MREMAP_FIXED
.RB ( \-f ),
or MREMAP_MAYMOVE
.RB ( \-m ).
.IR new_length
specifies a page-aligned address to which the mapping must be moved. It
can be set to 139946004389888, 4096k or 1g etc.
.TP
.B mrm
See the
.B mremap
command.
.TP
.B munmap
Unmaps the current memory mapping.
.TP
.B mu
See the
.B munmap
command.
.TP
.BI "mread [ \-f | \-v ] [ \-r ] [" " offset length " ]
Accesses a segment of the current memory mapping, optionally dumping it to
the standard output stream (with
.B \-v
or
.B \-f
option) for inspection. The accesses are performed sequentially from the start
.I offset
by default, but can also be done from the end backwards through the
mapping if the
.B \-r
option in specified.
The two verbose modes differ only in the relative offsets they display, the
.B \-f
option is relative to file start, whereas
.B \-v
shows offsets relative to the start of the mapping.
.TP
.B mr
See the
.B mread
command.
.TP
.BI "mwrite [ \-r ] [ \-S " seed " ] [ " "offset length " ]
Stores a byte into memory for a range within a mapping.
The default stored value is 'X', repeated to fill the range specified,
but this can be changed using the
.B \-S
option.
The memory stores are performed sequentially from the start offset by default,
but can also be done from the end backwards through the mapping if the
.B \-r
option in specified.
.TP
.B mw
See the
.B mwrite
command.
.TP
.BI "msync [ \-i ] [ \-a | \-s ] [ " "offset length " ]
Writes all modified copies of pages over the specified range (or entire
mapping if no range specified) to their backing storage locations.
Also, optionally invalidates
.RB ( \-i )
so that subsequent references to the pages will be obtained from their
backing storage locations (instead of cached copies).
The flush can be done synchronously
.RB ( \-s)
or asynchronously
.RB ( \-a ).
.TP
.B ms
See the
.B msync
command.
.TP
.BI "madvise [ \-d | \-r | \-s | \-w ] [ " "offset length " ]
Modifies page cache behavior when operating on the current mapping.
The range arguments are required by some advise commands ([*] below).
With no arguments, the POSIX_MADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead).
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-d
the pages will not be needed (POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED[*]).
.TP
.B \-r
expect random page references (POSIX_MADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero.
.TP
.B \-s
expect sequential page references (POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL),
which doubles the default readahead on the file.
.TP
.B \-w
advises the specified pages will be needed again (POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED[*])
which forces the maximum readahead.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B mincore
Dumps a list of pages or ranges of pages that are currently in core,
for the current memory mapping.

.SH FILESYSTEM COMMANDS
.TP
.BI "bulkstat [ \-a " agno " ] [ \-d ] [ \-e " endino " ] [ \-n " batchsize " ] [ \-q ] [ \-s " startino " ] [ \-v " version" ]
Display raw stat information about a bunch of inodes in an XFS filesystem.
Options are as follows:
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.BI \-a " agno"
Display only results from the given allocation group.
If not specified, all results returned will be displayed.
.TP
.BI \-d
Print debugging information about call results.
.TP
.BI \-e " endino"
Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached.
Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results.
.TP
.BI \-n " batchsize"
Retrieve at most this many records per call.
Defaults to 4,096.
.TP
.BI \-q
Run quietly.
Does not parse or output retrieved bulkstat information.
.TP
.BI \-s " startino"
Display inode allocation records starting with this inode.
Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem.
If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated
inode in the filesystem.
.TP
.BI \-v " version"
Use a particular version of the kernel interface.
Currently supported versions are 1 and 5.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "bulkstat_single [ \-d ] [ \-v " version " ] [ " inum... " | " special... " ]
Display raw stat information about individual inodes in an XFS filesystem.
The
.B \-d
and
.B \-v
options are the same as the
.B bulkstat
command.
Arguments must be inode numbers or any of the special values:
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.B root
Display information about the root directory inode.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B freeze
Suspend all write I/O requests to the filesystem of the current file.
Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.
.TP
.B thaw
Undo the effects of a filesystem freeze operation.
Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.
.TP
.BI "inject [ " tag " ]"
Inject errors into a filesystem to observe filesystem behavior at
specific points under adverse conditions. Without the
.I tag
argument, displays the list of error tags available.
Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.
.TP
.BI "resblks [ " blocks " ]"
Get and/or set count of reserved filesystem blocks using the
XFS_IOC_GET_RESBLKS or XFS_IOC_SET_RESBLKS system calls.
Note \-\- this can be useful for exercising out of space behavior.
Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.
.TP
.BR shutdown " [ " \-f " ]"
Force the filesystem to shut down, preventing any further IO.
XFS and other filesystems implement this functionality, although implementation
details may differ slightly.
Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.
.PP
.RS
By default, the filesystem will not attempt to flush completed transactions to
disk before shutting down the filesystem.  This simulates a disk failure or
crash.
.RE
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.B \-f
Force the filesystem to flush all completed transactions to disk before shutting
down, matching XFS behavior when critical corruption is encountered.
.PD
.RE
.TP
.B statfs [ -c ] [ -g ] [ -s ]
Report selected statistics on the filesystem where the current file resides.
The default behavior is to enable all three reporting options:
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.BI \-c
Display
.B XFS_IOC_FSCOUNTERS
summary counter data.
.TP
.BI \-g
Display
.B XFS_IOC_FSGEOMETRY
filesystem geometry data.
.TP
.BI \-s
Display
.BR statfs (2)
data.
.TP
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "inode  [ [ -n ] " number " ] [ -v ]"
The inode command queries physical information about an inode. With
no arguments, it will return 1 or 0, indicating whether or not any
inode numbers greater than 32 bits are currently in use in the filesystem.
If given an inode
.I number
as an argument, the command will return the same inode
.I number
if it is in use, or 0 if not. With
.BI \-n " number"
, the next used inode number after this
.I number
will be returned, or zero if the supplied inode number is the highest one
in use. With
.B \-v
the command will also report the number of bits (32 or 64) used by the
inode
.I number
printed in the result; if no inode
.I number
was specified on the command line, the maximum possible inode number in
the system will be printed along with its size.
.PD
.TP
.BI "inumbers [ \-a " agno " ] [ \-d ] [ \-e " endino " ] [ \-n " batchsize " ] [ \-s " startino " ] [ \-v " version " ]
Prints allocation information about groups of inodes in an XFS filesystem.
Callers can use this information to figure out which inodes are allocated.
Options are as follows:
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.BI \-a " agno"
Display only results from the given allocation group.
If not specified, all results returned will be displayed.
.TP
.BI \-d
Print debugging information about call results.
.TP
.BI \-e " endino"
Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached.
Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results.
.TP
.BI \-n " batchsize"
Retrieve at most this many records per call.
Defaults to 4,096.
.TP
.BI \-s " startino"
Display inode allocation records starting with this inode.
Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem.
If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated
inode in the filesystem.
.TP
.BI \-v " version"
Use a particular version of the kernel interface.
Currently supported versions are 1 and 5.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "scrub " type " [ " agnumber " | " "ino" " " "gen" " ]"
Scrub internal XFS filesystem metadata.  The
.BI type
parameter specifies which type of metadata to scrub.
For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified.
For file metadata, the scrub is applied to the open file unless the
inode number and generation number are specified.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "scrubv [ \-b NN ] [ \-d ] [ \-m oflags ] [ \-r ] [ \-v NN ] [ \-w ms ] " group " [ " agnumber " | " "ino" " " "gen" " ]"
Scrub a bunch of internal XFS filesystem metadata.
The
.BI group
parameter specifies which group of metadata to scrub.
Valid groups are
.IR ag ", " agheader ", " inode ", " iscan ", " fs ", " probe ", " rtgroup ", or " summary .

For
.BR ag " and " agheader
metadata, one AG number must be specified.
For
.B inode
metadata, the scrub is applied to the open file unless the
inode number and generation number are specified.
For
.B rtgroup
metadata, one rt group number must be specified.

.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.BI "\-b " NN
Inject scrub barriers into the vector stream at the given interval.
Barriers abort vector processing if any previous scrub function found
corruption.
.TP
.BI \-d
Enables debug mode.
.TP
.BI \-m
Fail scrub barriers if any of these scrub output flags are seen.
.TP
.BI \-r
Repair metadata if corruptions are found.
This option requires expert mode.
.TP
.BI "\-v " NN
Force a particular API version.
.B single
selects XFS_SCRUB_METADATA (one-by-one).
.B vector
selects XFS_SCRUBV_METADATA (vectored).
If no option is specified, vector mode will be used, with a fallback to single
mode if the kernel doesn't recognize the vector mode ioctl.
.TP
.BI "\-w " us
Wait the given number of microseconds between each scrub function.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.BI "repair " type " [ " agnumber " | " "ino" " " "gen" " ]"
Repair internal XFS filesystem metadata.  The
.BI type
parameter specifies which type of metadata to repair.
For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified.
For file metadata, the repair is applied to the open file unless the
inode number and generation number are specified.
The
.B -R
option can be specified to force rebuilding of a metadata structure.
.TP
.BI "label" " " "[ -c | -s " label " ] "
On filesystems that support online label manipulation, get, set, or clear the
filesystem label.  With no options, print the current filesystem label.  The
.B \-c
option clears the filesystem label by setting it to the null string.  The
.BI "\-s " label
option sets the filesystem label to
.IR label .
If the label is longer than the filesystem will accept,
.B xfs_io
will print an error message.  XFS filesystem labels can be at most 12
characters long.
.TP
.BI "fsmap [ \-d | \-l | \-r ] [ \-m | \-v ] [ \-n " nx " ] [ " start " ] [ " end " ]
Prints the mapping of disk blocks used by the filesystem hosting the current
file.  The map lists each extent used by files, allocation group metadata,
journalling logs, and static filesystem metadata, as well as any
regions that are unused.
Each line of the listings takes the following form:
.PP
.RS
.IR extent ": " major ":" minor " [" startblock .. endblock "]: " owner " " startoffset .. endoffset " " length
.PP
Static filesystem metadata, allocation group metadata, btrees,
journalling logs, and free space are marked by replacing the
.IR startoffset .. endoffset
with the appropriate marker.
All blocks, offsets, and lengths are specified in units of 512-byte
blocks, no matter what the filesystem's block size is.
The optional
.I start
and
.I end
arguments can be used to constrain the output to a particular range of
disk blocks.
If these two options are specified, exactly one of
.BR "-d" ", " "-l" ", or " "-r"
must also be set.
.RE
.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP
.BI \-d
Display only extents from the data device.
This option only applies for XFS filesystems.
.TP
.BI \-l
Display only extents from the external log device.
This option only applies to XFS filesystems.
.TP
.BI \-r
Display only extents from the realtime device.
This option only applies to XFS filesystems.
.TP
.BI \-m
Display results in a machine readable format (CSV).
This option is not compatible with the
.B \-v
flag.
The columns of the output are: extent number, device major, device minor,
physical start, physical end, owner, offset start, offset end, length.
The start, end, and length numbers are provided in units of 512b.
The owner field is a special string that takes the form:

.RS 1.0i
.PD 0
.TP 0.4i
.I inode_%lld_data
for inode data.
.TP
.I inode_%lld_data_bmbt
for inode data extent maps.
.TP
.I inode_%lld_attr
for inode extended attribute data.
.TP
.I inode_%lld_attr_bmbt
for inode extended attribute extent maps.
.TP
.I special_%u:%u
for other filesystem metadata.
.PD
.RE

.TP
.BI \-n " num_extents"
If this option is given,
.B fsmap
obtains the extent list of the file in groups of
.I num_extents
extents.
In the absence of
.BR "-n" ", " "fsmap"
queries the system for extents in groups of 131,072 records.
.TP
.B \-v
Shows verbose information.
When this flag is specified, additional AG specific information is
appended to each line in the following form:
.IP
.RS 1.2i
.IR agno " (" startagblock .. endagblock ") " nblocks " " flags
.RE
.IP
A second
.B \-v
option will print out the
.I flags
legend.
This option is not compatible with the
.B \-m
flag.
.RE
.PD
.TP
.B fsuuid
Print the mounted filesystem UUID.
.TP
.B sysfspath
Print the sysfs or debugfs path for the mounted filesystem.

The
.B -d
option selects debugfs instead of sysfs.
.TP
.BI "getfsprops " name " [ " names "... ]"
Retrieve the values of the given filesystem properties.
.TP
.BI "listfsprops [ " \-v " ]"
List all filesystem properties that have been stored in the filesystem.
If the
.B \-v
flag is specified, prints the values of the properties.
.TP
.BI "setfsprops " name = value " [ " name = value "... ]"
Set the given filesystem properties to the specified values.
.TP
.BI "removefsprops " name " [ " names "... ]"
Remove the given filesystem properties.

.SH OTHER COMMANDS
.TP
.BR "help [ " command " ]"
Display a brief description of one or all commands.
.TP
.B print
Display a list of all open files and memory mapped regions.
The current file and current mapping are distinguishable from
any others.
.TP
.B p
See the
.B print
command.
.TP
.B quit
Exit
.BR xfs_io .
.TP
.B q
See the
.B quit
command.
.TP
.BI "log_writes \-d " device " \-m "  mark
Create a mark named
.I mark
in the dm-log-writes log specified by
.I device.
This is intended to be equivalent to the shell command:

.B dmsetup message
.I device
.B 0 mark
.I mark
.PD
.RE
.TP
.B lw
See the
.B log_writes
command.
.TP
.B crc32cselftest
Test the internal crc32c implementation to make sure that it computes results
correctly.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mkfs.xfs (8),
.BR xfsctl (3),
.BR xfs_bmap (8),
.BR xfs_db (8),
.BR xfs (5),
.BR fdatasync (2),
.BR fstat (2),
.BR fstatfs (2),
.BR fsync (2),
.BR ftruncate (2),
.BR futimens (3),
.BR mmap (2),
.BR msync (2),
.BR open (2),
.BR pread (2),
.BR pwrite (2),
.BR readdir (3),
.BR dmsetup (8).
